Nikon beat Canon, DxO Labs

Prolog:

If you want to know which cameras and lenses are the best, this article is for you, it is consise of DxO Labs data which maybe too difficult too understand if we read directly in DxO Labs web.

Products

DxO Optics Pro is a software which corrects various optical aberrations, notably image distortion, with corrections tuned to particular lenses and cameras. It also adjusts lighting and color rendering. The software reads the Exif file to gather informations about the camera, the lens and the settings that were used.
Its automatic optical adjustment can fix:^[2]

• Distortion of curved line (should be straight)
• Color fringes
• Light fall off of vignetting
• Make same sharpness (not soft) from center to corners

DxO ViewPoint allows the user to correct perspective and lens distortions.
DxO FilmPack emulates the appearance of various conventional films digitally.
DxO also provides image processing software OEM to camera manufacturers. Their DxO Analyzer product is used to measure lens distortions and sensor performance.
DxO uses PACE Interlok piracy protection.
The Perceptual MegaPixel (P-MPix) rates the resolution a camera produces when paired to a particular lens.^[3] DxO Labs claims that P-MPix is a more accurate and relevant value for photographers to consider when weighing-up camera sharpness^[4][5][6][7] As of mid-2013, the Sigma 35mm F1.4 DG HSM mounted on a Nikon D800 has the highest measured P-MPix. However, with a value of 23 MP, it still wipes-off more than one-third of the D800's 36.3 MP sensor.^[8]

Technology and the Image quality

Based on the DxOMark Sensor Score, we know that:^[9]

• Usually larger sensors outperform smaller ones ...
• ... but newer models usually outperform same sized older models. And even the newest APS-C sensor outperform the older 1.3x crop sensors and moreover some old full-frame sensors.
• Whether a DSLR or MILC from the same brand with the same sensor, both have same image quality.
• No one of Canon cameras are best-in-class, except for the 1/1.7" segment. Mostly the dynamic range score, called "Landscape", is lower, which is caused by low effective number of bits of the analog-digital conversion.
• Sensors from Sony (which are used by both Sony and Nikon) perform better than sensors from other makers.

CCD sensor quality is not so good as CMOS or more advance BSI-CMOS sensor quality (Not old CMOS without BSI). Leica M9, Leica M9 P and Leica M-E Typ 220 used CCD Full frame sensor and the DxOMark Sensor Overall Scores are 69, 68 and 69, respectively. Leica M-E Typ 220 is launched in September 2012 with MSRP $5,450.^[10] Although Leica M System offers simple control, portability and well known as first class engineering, the Leicas have the worst sensor quality among cameras used Full frame sensor, except the ten-years Canon EOS-1Ds^[11] with old CMOS sensor (not BSI-CMOS) got Sensor Overall Score 63 which it is launched in September 2002. When Leica M-E Typ 220 is launched Leica also launched the Full frame Leica M Typ 240 CMOS sensor with MSRP $6,950^[12] and got Sensor Overall Score 84. In the same month there are also another 4 Full frame cameras are launched, Canon EOS 6D, Sony SLT Alpha 99, Sony RX1 Fixed Focus Lens Compact Camera and Nikon D600 which got Sensor Overall Score 82, 89, 93 and 94, respectively.^[13] Canon EOS 6D, Sony SLT Alpha 99 and Nikon D600 are not a Compact Camera. The real competitor of Leicas are Sony Alpha 7 Full frame MILC with larger body than Leicas and the Crop format MILC Sony NEX-7 which got Sensor Overall Score 3 points behind of Leica M Typ 240, but surpassed a lot of other Leicas. With APS-C sensor size, the Sony NEX-7 is categorized as a Compact camera, although has a grip. The MSRP of Sony NEX-7 is $1,350.^[14]

DxO Rating

On May 18, 2014 DxO Labs made Sensor Rating of 267 cameras and Nokia smartphones from 16 brands (not 18 brands, because Casio and Sigma is still empty). While Camera & Lens Rating list about 7,150 combinations of camera & lens from only 8 camera brands, Canon (with 26 cameras), Nikon (26), Olympus (14), Panasonic (8), Pentax (9), Ricoh (only Ricoh GR), Samsung (only Samsung NX20) and Sony (23), totally 107 cameras or about 40 percent of 267 cameras and smartphones which have Sensor Rating, mainly DSLR and mid-to-high-end of DSLT and MILC.

Sensor Rating

The DxOMark Sensor Score measures the RAW image quality data without considering the resolution, speed or lens sharpness.
DxOMark Sensor Overall Score consists of three components:

• Color Depth for Portrait
• Dynamic Range for Landscape
• Low-light ISO for Sport

For general use and easiness we can use DxOMark Sensor Overall Score only.

The top 15 positions for image quality among cameras tested by DxO Labs
as at June 19, 2014^[15]

Position	Launch Date	Brand	Camera Type	DxOMark Sensor Overall Score
1	2014-06	Nikon D810	Full frame DSLR	97
2	2012-02	Nikon D800E	Full frame DSLR	96
3	2013-10	Sony A7R	Full frame MILC	95
4	2012-02	Nikon D800	Full frame DSLR	95
5	2012-09	Nikon D600	Full frame DSLR	94
6	2013-10	Nikon D610	Full frame DSLR	94
7	2012-09	Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX1	Full frame Fixed-lens compact camera	93
8	2011-01	Phase One IQ 180	Medium format	91
9	2013-06	Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX1R	Full frame Fixed-lens compact camera	91
10	2013-10	Sony A7	Full frame MILC	90
11	2013-11	Nikon Df	Full frame DSLR	89
12	2012-01	Nikon D4	Full frame DSLR	89
13	2008-07	Phase One P65 Plus	Medium format	89
14	2014-02	Nikon D4S	Full frame DSLR	89
15	2012-09	Sony SLT Alpha 99	Full frame DSLT	89

Note:On the table above, we can see the image quality of All Medium format cameras have been surpassed by certain Full frame DSLR in February 2012 and no significant different of the image quality among Full frame DSLR, Full frame compact camera and Full frame MILC
For commercial use, DxO Labs stated that the best Sensor Overall Score is 101 points for the movie camera Red - the Epic-M camera with the Dragon sensor which has size only 56 percent of a Full frame sensor size,^[16] however the still image quality between the Red Dragon and Nikon D800 which got 95 points are almost the same.^[17]

The image quality cameras tested by DxO Labs outside the best 15 positions,
but at least have DxOMark Sensor Overall Score 80up as at August 1, 2014^[15]

Launch Date	Brand	Camera Type	DxOMark Sensor Overall Score
2008-12	Nikon D3x	Full frame DSLR	88
2014-04	Sony A7s	Full frame MILC	87
2009-04	Phase One P40 Plus	Medium format	87
2012-09	Leica M Type 240	Full frame MILC	84
2012-11	Nikon D5200	Crop format DSLR	84
2013-02	Nikon D7100	Crop format DSLR	83
2013-10	Nikon D5300	Crop format DSLR	83
2010-03	Pentax 645D	Medium format	82
2009-10	Nikon D3s	Full frame DSLR	82
2012-08	Pentax K-5 IIs	Crop format DSLR	82
2014-02	Sony Alpha ILCE-6000	Crop format MILC	82
2014-05	Sony Alpha 77 II	Crop format DSLT	82
2012-08	Pentax K-5 II	Crop format DSLR	82
2014-01	Nikon D3300	Crop format DSLR	82
2011-10	Canon EOS 1Dx	Full frame DSLR	82
2012-09	Canon EOS 6D	Full frame DSLR	82
2010-09	Pentax K-5	Crop format DSLR	82
2012-04	Nikon D3200	Crop format DSLR	81
2012-03	Canon EOS 5D Mark III	Full frame DSLR	81
2011-08	Sony NEX-7	Crop format MILC	81
2007-08	Nikon D3	Full frame DSLR	81

Note:In March 2010, Pentax 645D Medium format got image quality 82, but 6 months later Pentax K-5 Crop format DSLR got the same score. Since September 2010, some crop format DSLRs have relatively same image quality with -medium-class- Full frame DSLRs. Higher prices are not mean better image quality, even among the same brand, such as Nikon D5200 and Nikon D7100. Nikon D3200, D5200 and D7100 have different prices with different features and casing materials, but have 24.2MP same sensors with relatively same image quality. No Canon crop format get DxOMark Sensor Overall Score above 80, the highest Canon crop format image quality get score 66 for Canon EOS 550D. In February 2014, only Nikon, Pentax and Sony with crop format sensor got score above 80. Since February 2012, the Micro Four Thirds system camera Olympus OM-D E-M5 with sensor size 68 percent of APS-C Canon sensor toppled all Canon crop factor APS-C 1.6x camera by score 71. And even the newest Canon EOS 70D which is launched in August 2013 only got score 68. The best Micro Four Thirds camera is Olympus OMD EM1 with score 73, but even the Lite version Olympus PEN EPL5 got score 72 as the expensive ones of Olympus PEN EP5, the different is only in the features. The Canon Crop Factor 1.3x APS-H Canon EOS-1D Mark IV got only score 74, although the sensor size is 2.4x the Micro Four Thirds sensor size.

DSLR sensor quality growth

Entry-level DSLR
as at November 20, 2013^[18]

Launch Date	Brand	Camera Type	DxOMark Sensor Overall Score	Status
2012-11	Nikon D5200	Crop Format DSLR	84	The best
2004-01	Nikon D70	Crop Format DSLR	50	The worst
2010-01	Sony Alpha 450	Crop Format DSLT	66	Initial steep increase

There are progressive curve of Sensor Overall Score vs Launch Date since beginning of 2010. From Nikon D70 to Nikon D5200 needs about 7 years (x-axis) with Sensor Overall Score increase by 34 points (y-axis), so the tangential slope is about 34/7=4.8. And from Sony Alpha 450 to Nikon D5200 needs almost 3 years only, so the tangential slope is about 6 (more steep).

Semi-Pro DSLR
as at November 20, 2013^[18]

Launch Date	Brand	Camera Type	DxOMark Sensor Overall Score	Status
2012-02	Nikon D800E	Full frame DSLR	96	The best
2008-11	Olympus E-30	Micro Four Thirds DSLR	55	The worst
2003-02	Canon EOS 10D	Crop format DSLR	57

Olympus E30 with Micro Four Thirds sensor format is so bad and behind Canon EOS 10D with larger sensor which is launched almost 6 years before. Olympus is excluded from analysis of the graph. From Canon EOS 10D to Nikon D800E needs about 9 years with Sensor Overall Score increase by 39 points, so the tangential slope is about 4.3. The graph shows linear increase of Sensor Overall Score vs Launch Date.

Professional DSLR
as at November 20, 2013^[18]

Launch Date	Brand	Camera Type	DxOMark Sensor Overall Score	Status
2011-01	Phase One IQ 180 Digital Back	Medium Format DSLR	91	The best
2003-07	Nikon D2H	Crop format DSLR	40	The worst
2002-09	Canon EOS 1Ds	Full frame DSLR	63

Nikon D2H with APS-C sensor format is so bad and behind Canon EOS 1Ds with larger sensor which is launched almost 1 year before. Nikon D2H is excluded from analysis of the graph. From Canon EOS 1Ds to Phase One IQ 180 Digital Back needs about 8 years with Sensor Overall Score increase by 28 points, so the tangential slope is about 3.5. The graph shows linear increase of Sensor Overall Score vs Launch Date, but the increase is not so steep as Entry-level DSLR and Semi-Pro DSLR. Professional camera sensor (and the processor) seems is not so good as Semi-pro DSLR, but the Professional camera is provided with battery pack and fast & long burst shoots capability such as Nikon D4 Full frame DSLR with Sensor Overall Score 89.

MILC sensor quality growth

Hybrid camera (MILC)
as at November 22, 2013^[19]

Launch Date	Brand	Camera Type	DxOMark Sensor Overall Score	Status
2013-10	Sony A7R	Full frame MILC	95	The best
2011-08	Sony NEX-7	APS-C MILC	81	Second best
2011-06	Pentax Q	1/2.3" MILC	47	The worst
2008-09	Panasonic Lumix DMC-G1	Micro Four Thirds MILC	53
2013-08	Sony NEX-5T	APS-C MILC	78

Sony A7R use Full frame sensor and got advantage by 14 point from Sony NEX-7. Pentax Q and a few cameras are too bad because use small 1/2.3" sensor and behind Panasonic Lumix DMC G1 with larger sensor which is launched almost 3 years before. The successors of Sony NEX-7 have draw back and the latest Sony NEX-5T set 3 points behind the predecessor. For better graph, Sony A7R, Pentax Q and Sony NEX-7 are excluded from the analysis. From Panasonic Lumix DMC G1 to Sony NEX-5T needs almost 5 years with Sensor Overall Score increase by 25 points, so the tangential slope is more than 25/5=5. The graph shows linear increase of Sensor Overall Score vs Launch Date and similar with Entry-level DSLR curve in the long run. The tangential slope more than 5 means in average every one year the highest Sensor Overall Score increase by more than 5 points for MILC category.

Point & shoot small sensor quality

Point & shoot camera with small sensor
as at November 22, 2013^[19]

Launch Date	Brand	Camera Type	DxOMark Sensor Overall Score	Status
2013-06	Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX100 II	1" Fixed Lens Compact Camera	67	The best
2012-06	Sony Cyber-shot DSC-RX100	1" Fixed Lens Compact Camera	66	Second best
2013-08	Canon PowerShot S120	1/1.7" Fixed Lens Compact Camera	56	Third best

The best of 1" Fixed Lens Compact Camera got Sensor Overall Score 67 and 66 or only 1 and 2 points behind from the latest Canon Crop Format Semi-Pro DSLR Canon EOS 70D with 68 points. The bigger the sensor size is not directly the better the sensor quality and all the data struck the sensor will be processed with proprietary software. For reference 1" sensor size is about 37 percent of APS-C Canon sensor size, while 1/1.7" sensor size is about 13 percent of APS-C Canon sensor size.

Camera & Lens Rating

There are two scores:^[20]

• DxOMark Score,^[9] which gives an overall score of a lens used with a specific camera body (in this article we use term Camera & Lens Combination Score to avoid confusion with DxOMark Sensor Overall Score).
• Optical Metric Score, gives a score of each sharpness, distortion, vignetting, transmission and chromatic aberration of a lens, but still tested on a certain camera.

DxoMark Score is easier to use and based on low-light conditions, 150 lux and 1/60s exposure time, because low-light photography is important for today photography and furthermore in sufficient/abundant light, good image can be achieved even by a small diameter lens with small diaphragma opening (big f/ number).^[21]
On February 9, 2014 about half of all lenses and cameras combination tested are zoom lenses. Canon and Nikon cameras dominated the tested with about 40 percent each.
The best-10 of DxOMark Score of all categories are all certain fixed/single focus (not zoom) lens. The top-3 is dominated by Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZF.2 Nikon tested on Nikon D800, Nikon D610 and Nikon D600 and got Camera & Lens Combination Score 45,43 and 42 points, respectively. Sony FE Carl Zeiss Sonnar T* 55mm F1.8 ZA got 42 point and set at fourth. Nikon AF-S Nikkor 85mm f/1.4G tested on Nikon D800 set at the fifth with 40 points and tested on Nikon D600 set also 40 points as the sixth. And when used slower lens Nikon AF-S Nikkor 85mm f/1.8G tested on Nikon D800 still got 40 points. Nikon lenses dominated a half of the best-10, 2 types of Carl Zeiss list 4 positions and Sigma 35mm F1.4 DG HSM A Nikon tested also on Nikon D800 got score 39 points.
The best zoom lens of all categories is Tamron SP 70-200mm F/2.8 D1 VC USD Nikon, best at f=100mm and f/2.8 tested on Nikon D800 and set at 149 position, got excellent scoring 31. And then Sigma 120-300mm F/2.8 DG OS HSM S Nikon, best at f=120mm and f/2.8 tested on Nikon D800, got score 30 and set at 190 position. The rest got score above average, average or below (29 or below). The third is also Sigma 120-300mm F/2.8 DG OS HSM S Canon, tested on Canon EOS 5D Mark III, got score 29 and set at 198 position; the best at f=300mm and f/2.8 (different when tested on Nikon D800) means Nikon and Canon have different approach on processing. The fourth is Tamron SP 70-200mm tested on Nikon D610, set at 205 position with score 29 points and best at f=100mm and f/2.8 same as when tested on Nikon D800. The fifth is Tamron SP 24-70mm F2.8 Di VC USD Nikon got score 29 points when tested on Nikon D800. The sixth is a Crop Format DSLR Nikon D5300 when tested Sigma 18-35mm F1.8 DC HSM A Nikon got score 29 points. So, when use a certain small magnification zoom lens, a Crop Format DSLR is no significant different with a Full frame DSLR. All zoom lenses above have small magnification zoom, below 3x.
There are more than 500 Nikon DX Crop Factor Format lenses and cameras combination tested. The best is a zoom lens Sigma 18-35mm F1.8 DC HSM A Nikon tested on Nikon D5300, got score 29 and when tested on Nikon D7100 got score 28 as the second, tested on Nikon D3200 got score 26, tested on Nikon D5200 got score 26 and tested on Nikon D7000 got score 23. The third position is Nikon AF-S DX Nikkor 35mm f/1.8G, tested on Nikon D5300, got score 27 and when tested on Nikon D7100 got score 26 or above average, followed by the fifth position is also fixed focus lens Sigma 30mm F1.4 DC HSM A Nikon tested on Nikon D7100, got score 26. In the best-10, Sigma 18-35mm share 4 positions, Nikkor 35mm share 3 positions and Sigma 30mm share also 3 positions.
There are about 450 Canon EF-S Crop Factor Format lenses and cameras combination tested. The best-5 is not fixed focus lens, but zoom of third party lens Sigma 18-35mm F1.8 DC HSM A Canon ($973) tested on Canon EOS 70D, 100D, 700D, 7D and 500D, all best at f=18mm and f/1.8, get score 27, 26, 25, 24 and 22 points, respectively. No one of Canon EF-S lens set in the best-10, all are dominated by Sigmas (zoom lenses and fixed focus lens).
Note: All the positions are among all of the lenses and cameras combination tested and not in certain category. The position are changing from time to time and uses as rank purposes only and also to know the position is near each other or not.

Fast lens

Among the best-10 of Nikon Camera & Nikon Lens Combination Tested by DxO Labs

Full Frame DSLR	Sensor Overall Score[22]	Lens Name	Camera & Lens Combination Score[23]
D800	95	Nikon AF-S Nikkor 85mm f/1.4G	40
D600	94	Nikon AF-S Nikkor 85mm f/1.4G	40
D800	95	Nikon AF-S Nikkor 85mm f/1.8G	40
D600	94	Nikon AF-S Nikkor 85mm f/1.8G	40
D800	95	Nikon AF-S Nikkor 200mm f/2G ED VR II	39
D600	94	Nikon AF-S Nikkor 200mm f/2G ED VR II	37

One of the best DSLR camera was Nikon D800 which got Sensor Overall Score 95 and followed by Nikon D600 with Sensor Overall Score 94. The Nikon D800 (body only) price is 60 percent above Nikon D600 (body only). The lens with faster lens speed (f/1.4 compare to f/1.8) certainly more expensive than the slower ones. The tested on Nikon D800 and Nikon D600 result above gave us the Camera & Lens Combination Excellent Score of same 40 of both Nikon AF-S Nikkor 85mm f/1.4G and Nikon AF-S Nikkor 85mm f/1.8G, but the Nikon AF-S Nikkor 200mm f/2G ED VR II gave slightly different when it is tested on Nikon D800 and Nikon D600 with Camera & Lens Combination Excellent Score 39 and 37, respectively.

Constant widest aperture along the zoom range

The best crop factor format camera and the zoom lenses

Crop format DSLR	Sensor Overall Score[24]	Zoom Lens Name	Camera & Lens Combination Score[25]
Nikon D5200	84	Tamron SP 24-70mm F2.8 Di VC USD Nikon	19
Nikon D5200	84	Sigma 17-50mm f2.8 GX DC OS HSM Nikon	19
Nikon D5200	84	Sigma 17-70mm F2.8-4 DC MACRO OS HSM C Nikon	18

Tamron SP 24-70mm price is about $1,300, while Sigma 17-50mm price is about $570. Sigma 17-70mm ("C" version) cover previous both zoom lenses range, although is F2.8-4; the price is only about 80 percent of Sigma 17-50mm or only about 30 percent of Tamron SP 24-70mm, furthermore all of its gave relatively same Camera & Lens Combination Score (slight/very slightly different). Please noted that the Sigma 17-70mm has big "C" mark near focusing ring and means is a Contemporary lens (new version) as a compact general-purpose zoom for everyday photography,^[26] an about $40 more than without "C" which got only 15 points in Camera and Lens Combination Score.

Kit (zoom) lens

Nikon and Canon Crop DSLR Camera & Kit Lens Combination Tested by DxO Labs

Crop format DSLR	Sensor Overall Score[27]	Zoom Lens Name	Zoom Magnification	Camera & Lens Combination Score[28]
Nikon D5200	84	Nikon AF-S DX Nikkor 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6G VR	3.1x	14
Canon 700D	61	Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM	3.1x	13

Although Nikon D5200 got 84 points of Sensor Overall Score and Canon 700D got 61 points only, but both got relatively same of Camera & Lens Combination Score. Both cameras are launched by 4 months different, Nikon in November 2012 and Canon in March 2013.

Canon and Nikon Crop DSLR Camera & Kit Lens Combination Tested by DxO Labs

Crop format DSLR	Sensor Overall Score[29]	Zoom Lens Name	Zoom Magnification	Camera & Lens Combination Score[30]
Canon 70D	68	Canon EF-S 18-55mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM	3.1x	14
Canon 70D	68	Canon EF-S 18-135mm f/3.5-5.6 IS STM	7.5x	13
Canon 70D	68	Canon EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS	11.1x	10
Nikon D90	73	Nikon AF-S DX Nikkor 18-105mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR	5.8x	11

The Canon 70D is launched in July 2013 and sold in body only or with one of the three kit (zoom) lens. The 18-135mm kit (zoom) lens is relatively has same image quality with the 18-55mm kit (zoom) lens, but the 18-200mm kit (zoom) lens is become worse.
The five-years old Nikon D90 is launched in August 2008, but until late of 2013 is still sold in new status with kit (zoom) lens. Its Sensor Overall Score is only 73 points and the kit (zoom) lens 18-105mm is only got Camera & Lens Combination Score 11 points.
There are no Kit (zoom) lens got Excellent Camera & Lens Combination Score, all only got Below Average.
The different of Camera & Lens Combination Score between Kit (zoom) lens and Big magnification zoom lens as below on Crop DSLR is not much and more depends on the quality of each zoom lens and not so much depends on the Sensor quality (Sensor Overall Score).

Prime Wide-angle to Portrait Zoom Lens

Prime Wide-angle to Portrait Camera & Zoom Lens Combination Tested by DxO Labs

Sensor format type	Camera brand	Sensor Overall Score[31]	Zoom Lens Name	Camera & Lens Combination Score[32]
Full frame	Nikon D800	95	Tamron SP 24-70mm F2.8 Di VC USD Nikon	29
Full frame	Canon EOS 5D Mark III	81	Canon EF 24-70mm f/2.8L II USM	28
Full frame	Nikon D 800	95	Nikon AF-S Nikkor 24-70mm f/2.8G ED	28
APS-C	Pentax K-3/K-5 IIs/K-50	80/82/79	Sigma 17-50mm F2.8 EX DC HSM Pentax	21/20/19
Micro Four Thirds System	Olympus EP5/EM1/EM5	72/73/71	Olympus M ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 12-40mm F2.8 PRO	20/20/19
Micro Four Thirds System	Panasonic GH3/GX1/GH2	71/55/60	Olympus M ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 12-40mm F2.8 PRO	18/18/18
APS-C Nikon	Nikon D5300/D7100	83/83	Sigma 17-50mm F2.8 EX DC HSM Nikon	20/20
APS-C Nikon	Nikon D5300	83	Nikon AF-S DX Zoom-Nikkor 17-55mm f/2.8G IF ED	19
APS-C Canon	Canon 70D/100D/7D	68/63/66	Sigma 17-50mm F2.8 EX DC OS HSM Canon	17/16/16
APS-C Canon	Canon 70D/7D/100D	68/66/63	Canon EF-S 17-55mm f/2.8 iS USM	16/15/15

Wide-angle to portrait zoom lens is mostly used in indoor photography for superb image quality. All the above lenses have same f/2.8 constant widest aperture along the zoom range.
The full frame systems are the best with its larger sensor and bigger lens diameter than crop cameras.
Pentax systems gave the best of crop cameras, although used the third party lens. Good news for non-loyalist users, because more options now, not only Nikon and Canon, but also Pentax has in the top line of APS-C crop format DSLR.
But the stars are Micro Four Thirds Systems which followed Pentaxs. With smaller sensor, but still big diameter of the lens/filter (62mm) Olympus M ZUIKO DIGITAL ED 12-40mm F2.8 PRO gave only maximum one point behind of Camera & Lens Combination Score than Pentaxs when tested on Olympus EP5, EM1 and EM5. Similar zoom range of non-fast Crop DSLR lenses have lens thread 52-58mm only. And when tested on Panasonic GH3, GX1 and GH2 got same Camera & Lens Combination Score 18, although Panasonic GX1 and GH2 got only Sensor Overall Score 55, and 60. It means processing is more important than sensor quality. As has mentioned at APS-C versus Micro Four Thirds Section, for Micro Four Thirds Systems, Olympus is still better than Panasonic for its cameras and lenses.
Nikon Crop format DSLR systems is better than Panasonic, but only same with Olympus, but Nikon systems is always better than Canon system as the worst image quality which seems more difficult for Canon to catch its rivals image quality progress, Canon now priorities for touch screens, lightest DSLRs or non-image quality features.
The cheapest lens is Sigma 17-50mm for about $569.

Big magnification zoom lens

Nikon and Canon Crop DSLR Camera & Lens Combination Tested by DxO Labs

Crop format DSLR	Sensor Overall Score[33]	Big Zoom Lens Name	Big Zoom Magnification	Camera & Lens Combination Score[34]
Nikon D5200/Nikon D5300	84/83	Nikon AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR	16.7x	14/15
Nikon D5200/Nikon D5300	84/83	Tamron AF 18-270mm F/3.5-6.3 Di II VC LD Aspherical (IF) Macro Nikon	15x	13/13
Nikon D5200/Nikon D5300	84/83	Sigma 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 DC OS Nikon	11.1x	12/13
Nikon D5200/Nikon D5300	84/83	Nikon AF-S DX VR Zoom Nikkor 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED	11.1x	12/13
Nikon D5200/Nikon D5300	84/83	Sigma 18-250mm F3.5-6.3 DC OS HSM Nikon	13.9x	12/13
Nikon D5200/Nikon D5300	84/83	Sigma 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 II DC OS HSM Nikon	11.1x	12/12
Pentax K-50	79	Pentax smc Pentax DA 18-250mm F3.5-6.3 ED AL (IF)	13.9x	13
Pentax K-50	79	Sigma 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 II DC OS HSM Pentax	11.1x	13
Pentax K-50	79	Pentax smc Pentax DA 18-270mm F3.5-6.3 ED AL (IF)	15x	13
Olympus OM-D E-M1/EP5/EM5	73/72/71	Panasonic LUMIX G VARIO 14-140mm /F3.5-5.6 ASPH /POWER O.I.S.	10x	13/13/13
Canon 70D	68	Sigma 18-250mm F3.5-6.3 DC MACRO OS HSM Canon	13.9x	11
Canon 70D	68	Sigma 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 II DC OS HSM Canon	11.1x	11
Canon 70D	68	Tamron 18-270mm F/3.5-6.3 Di II VC PZD Canon	15x	11
Canon 70D	68	Canon EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS	11.1x	10
Canon 550D	62	Sigma 18-250mm F3.5-6.3 DC MACRO OS HSM Canon	13.9x	10
Canon 700D	61	Sigma 18-250mm F3.5-6.3 DC MACRO OS HSM Canon	13.9x	10
Canon 700D	61	Sigma 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 II DC OS HSM Canon	11.1x	10
Canon 700D	61	Tamron 18-270mm F/3.5-6.3 Di II VC PZD Canon	15x	10

Nikon D5300 has no anti aliasing filter and has Sensor Overall Score one point behind of Nikon D5200 which has the anti aliasing filter, but with new Expeed 4 processor, Nikon D5300 is same or one point better of the image quality than Nikon D5200.
All the above lenses for Nikon have relatively same Camera & Lens Combination Score and same F/3.5-6.3, except Nikon AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR and Nikon AF-S DX VR Zoom Nikkor 18-200mm has f/3.5-5.6G which initial G means Gold (premium?) lens with price $1,000 and $847 respectively, while Tamron AF 18-270mm price is less than a half of Nikon lenses. The other lenses for Nikon are cheaper, Sigma 18-250mm F3.5-6.3 DC OS HSM Nikon and Sigma 18-200mm F3.5-6.3 II DC OS HSM Nikon, both have Hyper Sonic Motor (HSM) and the prices are less than $300.
Nikon AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR as the longest superzoom has vignetting at wide-angle positions and fall-off (darkened corners) at the rest of the zoom positions with aperture number smaller than f/8 (f/8-f/3.5) due to the diameter of the lens is relatively small when is compared to its lens barrel length (120mm at idle position, not yet expanded). The best image with relatively no fall-off is 50mm f/5.6 position. However use Nikkor 18-300mm at the longest end is still better than uses Nikkor 18-200mm and then crop/enlarge to 300mm, moreover on the table above Nikkor 18-300mm got the best Camera & Lens Combination Score, so by overall still better than the other lenses, if the 828grams weight and the price are not the issues.^[35]
Pentax K-50, Olympus OM-D E-M1, Olympus OM-D E-P5 and Olympus OM-D E-M5 have same score of Camera & Lens Combination Score and better than Canons by 2 or 3 points. Pentax K-50 system will give the cheapest price, mainly if use $239 Sigma 18-200mm lens. Pentax K-50 is also the smallest mid-range camera,^[36] but for compactness Olympus systems (with lenses) are the smallest.
All the above lenses tested on Canon 70D have relatively same Camera & Lens Combination Score and same F/3.5-6.3, except Canon EF-S 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6 IS. Tamron 18-270mmm with Piezo Drive (PZD) price is $449 and the other lenses are cheaper with Sigma 18-250mm and Sigma 18-200mm both have same HSM (non-IF) and prices, a $100 lower than Tamron 18-270mm price.
And when the above lenses tested on Canon 550D and Canon 700D, it will give relatively same Camera & Lens Combination Score compared to Canon 70D.

Nikon Full frame DSLR Camera & Lens Combination Tested by DxO Labs

Full frame DSLR	Sensor Overall Score[37]	Big Zoom Lens Name	Big Zoom Magnification	Camera & Lens Combination Score[38]
Nikon D800	95	Sigma 50-500mm F4.5-6.3 APO DG OS HSM Nikon	10x	19
Nikon D800	95	Nikon AF Zoom-Nikkor 28-200mm f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED	7.1x	17
Nikon D800	95	Nikon AF-S Nikkor 28-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR	10.7x	17
Nikon D800	95	Tamron AF 28-300mm F/3.5-6.3 XR Di VC LD Aspherical (F) Macro Nikon	10.7x	16
Nikon D700	80	Sigma 50-500mm F4.5-6.3 APO DG OS HSM Nikon	10x	13
Nikon D700	80	Nikon AF-S Nikkor 28-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR	10.7x	12
Nikon D700	80	Nikon AF Zoom-Nikkor 28-200mm f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED	7.1x	12
Nikon D700	80	Tamron AF 28-300mm F/3.5-6.3 XR Di VC LD Aspherical (F) Macro Nikon	10.7x	12

Tested on D800, Sigma 50-150mm give Camera & Lens Overall Score 19, but Sigma zoom range is not initial from wide angle. With different of Sensor Overall Score between D800 and D700 by 15 points, the Camera & Lens Combination Score tested on D800 and D700 give significant different result. With Sensor Overall Score 80, the Full frame Nikon D700 give Camera & Lens Combination Score no significant different with the current Crop format DSLR when use all the lenses with the focal range as above. Nikon D600 and Nikon D610 which got Sensor Overall Score 1 point and 2 points behind Nikon D800 gave same image quality (Camera & Lens Combination Score) with Nikon D800 when tested the biggest magnification zoom lenses from wide-angle to long-zoom, Nikon and Tamron 28-300mm. The price of Nikon AF-S Nikkor 28-300mm f/3.5-5.6G CD VR is about $1,047 with length 115mm and weight 800grams,^[39] while Tamron AF 28-300mm F/3.5-6.3 XR Di VC LD Aspherical (F) Macro Nikon is about 60 percent of Canon lens, more compact design with length 78mm and weight 555grams.^[40]
To use zoom lens with big magnification, a current Crop format DSLR is sufficient. To give a better result, a Full frame DSLR with Sensor Overall Score as high as it can should be used with good but expensive zoom lens (third party lens is not so expensive with relatively same or even better than the principal lens).

Small magnification zoom lens versus Fixed focus lens

Nikon and Canon DSLR Camera & Lens Combination Tested by DxO Labs

Sensor format type	DSLR brand	Sensor Overall Score[41]	Fixed focus/Zoom Lens Name	Small Zoom Magnification	Camera & Lens Combination Score[42]
Full frame	Nikon D800	95	Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZF.2 Nikon	1x	45
Full frame	Nikon D800	95	Tamron SP 70-200mm F/2.8 Di VC USD Nikon	2.9x	31
Full frame	Nikon D800	95	Sigma 120-300mm F2.8 DG OS HSM S Nikon	2.5x	30
Full frame	Canon EOS 5D Mark III	81	Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZE Canon	1x	38
Full frame	Canon EOS 5D Mark III	81	Sigma 120-300mm F2.8 DG OS HSM S Canon	2.5x	29
Crop format	Nikon D7100	83	Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZF.2 Nikon	1x	35
Crop format	Nikon D7100	83	Sigma 18-35mm F1.8 DC HSM A Nikon	1.9x	28
Crop format	Canon EOS 70D	68	Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZE Canon	1x	27
Crop format	Canon 70D	68	Sigma 18-35mm F1.8 DC HSM A Canon	1.9x	27

The Crop format Nikon D7100 has better sensor quality than the Full frame Canon EOS 5D Mark III, although Nikon D7100 sensor size is only 43 percent of Canon EOS 5D Mark III sensor size. Both give relatively same image qualities when using Fixed focus lenses.
When use Small magnification zoom lenses all of it give relatively same above average image qualities, no matter use Full frame DSLR or not, Nikon or not. The interesting things is the focus of best image quality when use Tamron SP 70-200mm set at 100mm, Sigma 120-300mm tested on Nikon D7100 at 120mm and Sigma 120-300mm tested on Canon 70D at 300mm. It means Nikon and Canon have different proprietary processing approach of the (zoom) lenses.
Full frame DSLR is only superior when use Fixed focus lens and Nikon (not Canon) Crop format DSLR is not too superior when use Fixed focus lens. Professionals should use Fullframe DSLR with Fixed focus lens (not zoom lens) to give maximum image quality, but for General use when zoom lens is frequently/flexible needed, a Nikon or Canon Crop format DSLR is adequate. The crop cameras, Pentax such as Pentax K-5, Sony such as Sony NEX-7 and other brands give the Camera & Lens Combination Score Average or Below Average when tested Fixed focus lenses and when tested the zoom lenses become worse.

Relation between Sensor Rating and Lens Rating

Relation between Sensor Rating and Lens Rating^[43]

Launch Date	Brand	Camera Type	DxOMark Sensor Overall Score	Color Depth	Dynamic Range	Low-light ISO	Best Lens Tested	Camera & Lens Combination Score
2012-02	Nikon D800	Full frame DSLR	95	25.3 bits	14.4 Evs	2853 ISO	Nikon AF-S Nikkor 85mm f/1.4G	40
2012-09	Sony SLT Alpha 99	Full frame DSLT	89	25 bits	14 Evs	1555 ISO	Sigma 105mm f/1.4 DG HSM A Sony	34
2008-07	Nikon D700	Full frame DSLR	80	23.5 bits	12.2 Evs	2303 ISO	Nikon AF-S Nikkor 85mm f/1.8G	28
2009-07	Nikon D300s	Crop format DSLR	70	22.5 bits	12.2 Evs	787 ISO	Sigma 35mm F1.4 DG HSM A Nikon	22
2004-02	Fujifilm FinePix S3 Pro	Crop format DSLR	60	20.9 bits	13.5 Evs	346 ISO	Ongoing Test
2005-02	Canon EOS 350D	Crop format DSLR	60	21.8 bits	10.8 Evs	637 ISO	Sigma 18-35mm F1.8 DG HSM Canon	18
2004-01	Nikon D70	Crop format DSLR	50	20.4 bits	10.3 Evs	529 ISO	Sigma 35mm F1.4 DG HSM A Nikon	16

The table above represents relative relation between DxOMark Sensor Overall Score with all of the three components and also the best lenses tested.

• In Color Depth, the DxOMark Sensor Overall Score increase in line with bits increase
• In Dynamic Range, Fujifilm FinePix S3 Pro got higher than Nikon D700 with 13.5 Evs and 12.2 Evs, respectively, but as a consequence Fujifilm got only 346 ISO. In Sensor Overall Score Nikon D700 got 20 points higher than the Fujifilm
• In Low-light ISO, Nikon D700 got 2303 ISO and as a consequence got only 12.2 Evs. Nikon D700 is better in Low-light ISO, but lack in Dynamic Range compare to Sony SLT Alpha 99 which got Sensor Overall Score 9 points better than Nikon D700

So, as mention above for General use and Easiness we can use Sensor Overall Score only, but Professionals or photographers with specific purposes such as Landscape or Sport should see all the three components. Furthermore, Big Camera & Lens Combination Score is in line with Big Sensor Overall Score. The bigger Sensor Overall Score, the bigger Camera & Lens Combination Score can be achieved.
Lens performance has strong relation with sensor performance and same lens can give different image quality when tested on different camera bodies, so DxO Labs has abundant combinations lenses tested on cameras, including lenses from different parties^[44] which sometimes better than the lens of camera principal.

APS-C versus Micro Four Thirds

APS-C versus Micro Four Thirds^[45]

Launch Date	Brand	Camera Type	DxOMark Sensor Overall Score	Best (and Second Best) Lens Tested	Camera & Lens Combination Score
2012-11	Nikon D5200	APS-C DSLR	84	Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZF 2 Nikon	32
2012-11	Nikon D5200	APS-C DSLR	84	Sigma 35mm F1.4 DG HSM A Nikon	30
2013-07	Canon EOS 70D	APS-C DSLR	68	Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZE Canon	27
2011-08	Sony NEX-7	APS-C MILC	81	Sony E 50mm F1.8 OSS	23
2010-09	Pentax K-5	APS-C DSLR	82	Sigma 35mm F1.4 DG HSM A Pentax	22
2013-06	Pentax K-50	APS-C DSLR	79	Sigma 35mm F1.4 DG HSM A Pentax	24
2013-10	Pentax K-3	APS-C DSLR	80	Sigma 35mm F1.4 DG HSM A Pentax	27
2013-09	Olympus OM-D E-M1	Micro Four Thirds	73	Olympus M Zuiko Digital ED 75mm F1.8	27
2013-09	Olympus OM-D E-M1	Micro Four Thirds	73	Panasonic Leica Summilux DG 25mm F1.4	24
2013-05	Olympus PEN E-P5	Micro Four Thirds	72	Olympus M Zuiko Digital ED 75mm F1.8	27
2013-05	Olympus PEN E-P5	Micro Four Thirds	72	Panasonic Leica Summilux DG 25mm F1.4	24
2012-02	Olympus OM-D E-M5	Micro Four Thirds	71	Olympus M Zuiko Digital ED 75mm F1.8	27
2012-02	Olympus OM-D E-M5	Micro Four Thirds	71	Panasonic Leica Summilux DG 25mm F1.4	23
2012-09	Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH3	Micro Four Thirds	71	Olympus M Zuiko Digital ED 75mm F1.8	24
2012-09	Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH3	Micro Four Thirds	71	Panasonic Leica Summilux DG 25mm F1.4	21

In the category of APS-C there are 3 groups:

• The best is Nikon D5200 with the highest Sensor Overall Score 84 and Camera & Lens Combination Score 32 when tested Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZF 2 Nikon
• Canon EOS 70D got Sensor Overall Score 68 and when tested Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZE Canon got only Camera & Lens Combination Score 27, while Pentax K-3 got same Camera & Lens Combination Score 27, when tested Sigma 35mm F1.4 DG HSM A Pentax, although got Sensor Overall Score 80 and significant better than Canon EOS 70D got.
• Sony NEX-7, Pentax K-5 and Pentax K-50 Sensor Overall Score a few points behind Nikon D5200, but the Camera & Lens Combination Scores are worse than Canon 70D. It means the proprietary processor software of Canon is better than Sony and Pentax have. Sigma 35mm F1.4 DG HSM A Pentax tested on Pentax K-5 got Camera & Lens Combination Score 22 and on Pentax K-50 got 24, but Sigma 35mm F1.4 DG HSM A Nikon tested on Nikon D5200 got Camera & Lens Combination Score 30 (significant different), so it means the proprietary processor software of Sony and Pentax are the worst, but if see Pentax K-3 which is launched 3 years after Pentax K-5 and the newer got Sensor Overall Score decline by 2 points and got Camera & Lens Combination Score increase by 5 points, it means there are progress of Pentax proprietary processor software. Without knows about the sensor quality and processing, by the end of 2013 Pentax has matched Canon in image quality result.

Since 2012,the Micro Four Thirds (MFT) cameras initial to show its good sensor and image quality. Olympus OM-D E-M1, Olympus PEN-P5 and Olympus OM-D E-M5 got relatively same Sensor Overall Score and better than Canon 70D and when tested Olympus M Zuiko Digital ED 75mm F1.8 and Panasonic Leica Summilux DG 25mm F1.4 got Camera & Lens Combination Score relatively same, no matter are (M)ini version as Olympus OM-D E-M1 or Olympus OM-D E-5 or not. Panasonic Lumix DMC-GH3 got Sensor Overall Score 71 same as Olympus OM-D E-M5, but when tested Olympus and Panasonic lenses above got only Camera & Lens Combination Scores 24 and 21, respectively. Although Olympus and Panasonic cameras have relatively same quality sensors, but Panasonic proprietary processor software seems not so powerful as Olympus proprietary processor software, because Panasonic cannot gave Camera & Lens Combination Score better/same than Olympus did, even for its own Panasonic lens.
After see the Sensor Overall Score and the Camera & Lens Combination Score above, we can see also that the image quality of Micro Four Thirds can compete with all APS-C, excluding Nikon.

Fullframe DSLR versus APS-C DSLR

Fullframe DSLR versus APS-C DSLR^[46]

Launch Date	Brand	Camera Type	DxOMark Sensor Overall Score	Lens Tested	Camera & Lens Combination Score
2012-03	Canon EOS 5D Mark III	Fullframe DSLR	81	Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZE Canon	38
2012-03	Canon EOS 5D Mark III	Fullframe DSLR	81	Canon EF 28-300mm f/3.5-5.6L IS USM	17
2012-03	Canon EOS 5D Mark III	Fullframe DSLR	81	Tamron AF 28-300mm F/3.5-6.3 APO EX DG HSM Canon	14
2013-02	Nikon D7100	APS-C DSLR	83	Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZF 2 Nikon	35
2013-02	Nikon D7100	APS-C DSLR	83	Nikon AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR	15
2013-02	Nikon D7100	APS-C DSLR	83	Sigma 18-200mm F3.5-5.6 DC OS Nikon	13
2013-02	Nikon D7100	APS-C DSLR	83	Nikon AF-S DX VR Zoom-Nikkor 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED	13
2012-11	Nikon D5200	APS-C DSLR	84	Carl Zeiss Distagon T* Otus 1.4/55 ZF 2 Nikon	32
2012-11	Nikon D5200	APS-C DSLR	84	Nikon AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR	14

Canon EOS 5D Mark III and Nikon D7100, both are Semi-Pro DSLR, but Canon uses Fullframe sensor, while Nikon uses APS-C Nikon sensor. With the Sensor Overall Score relatively same, the Camera & Lens Combination Score of Canon is slightly better than performance of Nikon, but not significant.
The interesting thing is Nikon AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR announced in June 2012 as the biggest magnification Superzoom (16.7x) available for any interchangeable-lens camera system which claim up to 4 stop slower benefit with its image stabilization for handheld uses.^[47] The lens got Camera & Lens Combination Score 15 points or 2 points better than Nikon AF-S DX VR Zoom-Nikkor 18-200mm f/3.5-5.6G IF-ED. So, impression that longer zoom is bad is not always true.
The body only price of Canon EOS 5D Mark III is about $3,300 and the body only price of Nikon D7100 is about a third of Canon price, while Canon EF 28-300mm f/3.5-5.6L IS USM price is about $2,400 and Nikon AF-S DX NIKKOR 18-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR price is about 40 percent of Canon lens price and has longer zoom (450mm in equivalent 35mm).
Nikon D5200 is not a Semi-Pro DSLR, but an Entry-level DSLR with one point advantage over the Semi-Pro DSLR Nikon D7100 of Sensor Overall Score, but the Nikon D7100 got Camera Lens Combination Score slightly better than the Entry-level DSLR, although relatively give same image quality. Both use Nikon EXPEED 3 processor, so Nikon seems still differentiate between its Semi-Pro DSLR and Entry-level DSLR. The price of Nikon D5200 is about $450 lower than the Semi-Pro DSLR, but lacks of weather sealed and a built-in focus motor, while the Nikon D7100 has both.
DxO Labs says that "15 points on DxOMark Sensor scale shows a 1-stop increase for performance, and similarly, 2X for the surface sensor also adds 1 stop to the image quality performance".^[48] Canon Fullframe sensor size is about 2.3x of Nikon APS-C sensor size. The Sensor Overall Score of Canon EOS 5D Mark III and Nikon D7100 are relatively same and also the Camera & Lens Combination Score of both cameras are relatively same, seems the Canon EOS 5D Mark III cannot maximize its larger sensor.
Using APS-C cameras for nature, wildlife, and sports enthusiasts will get advantage from the increased focal length of crop factor magnification.^[49]

DxO Mobile Rating

To realize that Mobile devices (mainly smartphones) will surpass digital point-and-shoot cameras when take photos, DxO Labs has launched DxOMark Mobile in 2012 and tested smartphones (also tablets and other mobile devices) since 2011.^[50]
DxOMark Mobile is Mobile Overall Score and consists of: DxOMark Mobile Photo and DxOMark Mobile Video.
DxOMark Mobile Photo consists of details as below:

• Exposure and control
• Color
• Autofocus
• Texture
• Noise
• Artifacts
• Flash

DxOMark Mobile Video details is same as DxOMark Mobile Photo details, except Flash is replaced by Stabilisation.

The best of DxOMark Mobile

Based on the best DxOMark Mobile (Overall Score), the fact is DxOMark Mobile Photo give better result than DxOMark Mobile Video. All the smartphones give good photos and almost all the details. But the details of DxOMark Mobile Video give some lacks.
So, if we want the smartphones only for Photo, we can directly see the DxOMark Mobile (Overall Score), but if we want to know the Video quality, we should know the details of DxOMark Mobile Video, mainly for Stabilisation, Autofocus and Noise.

DxOMark Mobile: DxOMark Mobile Photo and DxOMark Mobile Video^[51]

Brand	DxOMark Mobile	DxOMark Mobile Photo	DxOMark Mobile Video	Video Stabilization	Video Autofocus	Video Noise
Samsung Galaxy S5[52]	79	80	79	55	76	87
Sony Xperia Z2	79	81	73	66	52	81
Nokia 808 Pureview	77	81	68	39	40	59
Apple iPhone 5S	76	78	72	57	47	75
Sony Xperia Z1	76	77	74	59	60	85
Samsung S4	75	79	68	35	52	66
Nokia Lumia 1020	74	79	64	49	45	53
LG G2	73	77	64	46	46	80
Nokia Lumia 925	73	75	69	60	62	59
Apple iPhone 5	72	74	70	54	49	47
Samsung S3	72	73	71	48	61	59
Apple iPhone 4S	72	74	68	28	47	44

With the 1/2.6" sensor size and 1/2.3" sensor size which only less than a third of Nokia 808 Pureview 1/1.2" sensor size, Samsung Galaxy S5 and Sony Xperia Z2 respectively can topples Nokia 808 Pureview in DxOMark Mobile (Overall Score), so it means sensor size only is not a matter, but quality of the sensor and processing take more roles. Apple iPhone 4S got the worst Video Stabilization with only 28 points, the video stabilization quickly deteriorates in indoor and low-light settings.
Samsung Galaxy Note II got same DxOMark Mobile 72 score as Apple iPhone 4S, while iPad (3rd generation) is marketed as Apple New iPad got only DxOMark Mobile 59 score.

References

1. Jump up ^ DxOMark Camera Sensor Ratings (needs Flash)
2. Jump up ^ "DxO Optics Pro Software". Retrieved June 18, 2013.
3. Jump up ^ http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Publications/DxOMark-Reviews/Looking-for-new-photo-gear-DxOMark-s-Perceptual-Megapixel-can-help-you
4. Jump up ^ http://petapixel.com/2012/12/17/perceptual-megapixel-mtf-charts-boiled-down-to-a-single-number/
5. Jump up ^ http://photo.net/photography-news-forum/00b9IO
6. Jump up ^ http://timgrey.com/blog/2013/dxomark-introduces-the-perceptual-megapixel/
7. Jump up ^ http://news.cnet.com/8301-17938_105-57559599-1/dxo-labs-tries-making-sense-of-camera-lens-sharpness/
8. Jump up ^ http://www.dxomark.com/index.php/Lenses/Camera-Lens-Ratings/Optical-Metric-Scores
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10. Jump up ^ "Leica M-E (Typ 220)". Retrieved January 14, 2014.
11. Jump up ^ Steve Huff. "DXO Tests the M9/ME sensor with worst Full Frame results ever". Retrieved January 14, 2014.
12. Jump up ^ "Leica announces 'M' 24MP live view full-frame CMOS rangefinder with movies". Retrieved January 14, 2014.
13. Jump up ^ "Camera Sensor Ratings by DxOMark". Retrieved January 14, 2014.
14. Jump up ^ "Sony Alpha NEX-7". Retrieved January 14, 2014.
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16. Jump up ^ Stephen Shankland (March 3, 2014). "Red's camera wows with top score in image-sensor test".
17. Jump up ^ Kevin Carter (March 3, 2014). "RED Epic Dragon review: First camera to break the 100-point DxOMark sensor score barrier".
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24. Jump up ^ "Camera Sensor Ratings by DxOMark". Retrieved November 17, 2013.
25. Jump up ^ "Camera Lens Ratings by DxOMark". Retrieved November 17, 2013.
26. Jump up ^ "Sigma 17-70mm f/2.8-4 DC Macro OS HSM C review". Retrieved November 17, 2013.
27. Jump up ^ "Camera Sensor Ratings by DxOMark". Retrieved December 12, 2013.
28. Jump up ^ "Camera Lens Ratings by DxOMark". Retrieved December 12, 2013.
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32. Jump up ^ "Camera Lens Ratings by DxOMark". Retrieved February 17, 2014.
33. Jump up ^ "Camera Sensor Ratings by DxOMark". Retrieved February 4, 2014.
34. Jump up ^ "Camera Lens Ratings by DxOMark". Retrieved November 29, 2013.
35. Jump up ^ Ken Rockwell. "Nikon 18-300mm VR DX AF-S G ED NIKKOR, $1,000". Retrieved January 22, 2014.
36. Jump up ^ Simon Crisp. "2013 Mid-Range DSLR Comparison Guide". Retrieved February 4, 2014.
37. Jump up ^ "Camera Sensor Ratings by DxOMark". Retrieved December 1, 2013.
38. Jump up ^ "Camera Lens Ratings by DxOMark". Retrieved December 1, 2013.
39. Jump up ^ "Nikon AF-S Nikkor 28-300mm f/3.5-5.6G ED VR". Retrieved January 18, 2014.
40. Jump up ^ "Tamron AF 28-300mm F/3.5-6.3 XR Di VC LD Aspherical (IF) Macro". January 18, 2014.
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42. Jump up ^ "Camera Lens Ratings by DxOMark". Retrieved January 1, 2014.
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48. Jump up ^ "Are top compact cameras catching up with DSLRs?". December 10, 2009.
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50. Jump up ^ Lexy Savvides. "Smartphones outperforming high-end compact cameras". Retrieved February 15, 2014.
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52. Jump up ^ "Samsung Galaxy S5 overview: Joint leader in DxOMark Mobile rankings". Retrieved July 3, 2014.

External links

• DxO Web site
• DxO Film Pack Review
• Review of Optics Pro
• Popular Photography Editors' Choice 2007: DxO FilmPack
• Review: DxO Optics Pro Elite 4.1, by Paul Schranz. "Raw-conversion software review." Photo Techniques Vol. 28, No. 3, available online, year 2007

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Cek darah murah di mal

Di Laboratorium Klinik cek darah mengambil darah dari pembuluh vena, biasanya dari siku bagian dalam, sedangkan di mal atau banyak juga yang sudah memilikinya sendiri di rumah, karena portabel mengambil hanya setetes darah dari ujung jari atau disebut pembuluh kapiler. Hasilnya tak berbeda jauh, apalagi kalau hanya untuk indikasi belaka, misalnya tinggi atau rendah, sehingga perbedaan angka menjadi tidak penting.

Selain di mal, di apotek-apotek tertentu juga banyak yang menggunakan alat portabel tersebut dan semakin hari semakin canggih, sehingga perbedaan dengan hasil Laboratorium Klinik menjadi semakin mengecil.

Saya baru saja dari Summarecon Mal Bekasi, di Lantai Dasar terdapat Guardian, Century dan Watson. Century dan Watson letaknya berdekatan, sedangkan Guardian terletak di ujung satunya dari gedung. Di Guardian saya cek gula darah dan bayar Rp.10.000 tanpa diberi catatan apapun dan menurut Guardian program Rp.10.000 ini tidak untuk setiap hari, hanya hari Senin. Hasilnya 139. Guardian menggunakan alat One Touch Portable. Setengah jam kemudian setelah keliling mal saya cek darah lagi di Watson dan hasilnya 118. Turun, jelas telah terjadi pembakaran gula walaupun hanya berjalan tanpa henti di mal tanpa perlu olahraga. Watson menggunakan alat Bene Test Portable, hebatnya satu alat ini bisa digunakan untuk mengetes macam-macam dengan menganti kartunya, persis SIM Card, hanya tak perlu membuka cover dan cukup disisipkan di bagian bawah alat. Taripnya cuma Rp.6.000 dan diberi katu pemeriksaan, hanya saja Watson tampak kurang senang, karena hanya ini yang saya test dan mereka mengharapkan saya mengetes yang lainnya juga, saya katakan saya mau cek Ureum Darah, tapi gak ada kan. Di Century cek gula darah taripnya Rp.12.000 dan saya tidak tanya lebih lanjut, masa 3x periksa darah dalam selang waktu yang singkat.

Watson terdapat di Kelapa Gading dan di Bekasi juga ada di Metropolitan Mal, Mega Mal Bekasi dan  Galaxy Grand Park Mal. Yang bisa dites adalah Gula Darah, Kolesterol, Trigliserida, Asam Urat dan Haemoglobin. Gula Darah tarifnya paling murah, yang lainnya lebih mahal, tetapi mungkin tetap lebih murah daripada di Guardian dan Century.

Mengingat tes darah sekarang sudah murah, maka ada baiknya sesekali memeriksakan darah anda, walaupun tak terlihat gejala apapun, karena kalau sudah ada gejala biasanya yaa sudah tidak ringan lagi.

* Gula darah, sebaiknya dilakukan tes mulai umur 20 tahun dan kalau masih normal perlu diulang tiap 2 tahun sekali. Sebaiknya melakukan tes Gula Darah Puasa, setelah 10 jam puasa makan, tetapi minum air putih tetap boleh. Tidak perlu tepat 10 jam asal masih dalam rentang 8-12 jam. Jika sudah makan, maka tingkat gula darah yang paling tinggi dicapai, setelah 2 jam selesai makan dan mengetes tidak pas 2 jam tidak apa-apa (kisaran 1 jam 45 menit hingga 2 jam 15 menit), karena akan memberikan hasil yang relatif sama, toh hanya untuk indikasi anda masih normal, sudah Pre-Diabetes atau malah sudah Diabetes. Jika tidak normal ada baiknya melakukan Glukosa Toleransi Test di Laboratorium Klinik Prodia yang biayanya 2x tes Gula Darah biasa (di Pramita tarifnya jauh lebih mahal, tetapi glukosanya wangi jeruk) untuk memastikan tingkat Diabetes anda. Glukosa Toleransi Tes mengukur Gula Darah Puasa, kemudian diberikan minuman glukosa yang harus dihabiskan dalam waktu 5 menit (gratis) dan kita tak boleh makan apapun, kecuali minum air putih sampai pengambilan Gula Darah 2 jam pp, maksudnya 2 jam setelah makan (minum cairan glukosa tadi). Beberapa Laboratorium Klinik mengharuskan kita mendapat rujukan dokter yang bisa saja dari dokter laboratorium Klinik yang bersangkutan. Bisa juga tes Gula Darah Puasa, kemudian minum minuman kaleng dengan kalori -/+ 300 dan 2 jam kemudian tes Gula Darah Sewaktu. Di Amerika, minum minuman kaleng ini sudah banyak dilakukan, karena minum cairan glukosa kadang-kadang membuat mual sebagian orang dan bisa muntah, kalau muntah yaa harus diulang lagi.
* Kolesterol Total, sebaiknya dilakukan tes mulai umur 30 tahun dan kalau masih normal perlu diulang tiap 2 tahun sekali. Jika hasilnya di bawah 200 yang berarti normal, maka anda tidak perlu tes LDL dan HDL, walaupun kalau anda ke Laboratorium Klinik pasti ditawarkan juga LDL dan HDL, katanya sekalian, ini jelas buang-buang uang. Seseorang yang telah tes 3x selalu Kolesterol Totalnya di bawah 200, biasanya seumur hidup Kolesterol Totalnya akan normal, tetapi setelah usia 60 tahun boleh sesekali cek Kolesterol Total, siapa tahu ada perubahn hormonal, karena tingkat Kolesterol Total 70 persen dipengaruhi oleh hormon di hati, sedangkan sebenarnya hanya 30 persen yang dipengaruhi oleh makanan.
* Trigliserida, kalau kolesterolnya normal, biasanya Trigliseridanya juga normal, tetapi boleh juga dicek sekali-sekali. Harus melakukan 12 jam puasa makan, walaupun 10 jam puasa makan tidak masalah, karena hasilnya tak beda banyak. Seperti halnya Kolesterol Total, maka Trigliserida yang normal biasanya akan normal seumur hidup.
* Asam Urat, hanya perlu dilakukan tes, kalau anda merasa kaku persendiannya, terutama jari-jari tangan. Supaya sembuh dari Asam Urat anda cukup diet protein tinggi, misalnya tidak makan emping mlinjo, jeroan dan otak dan kalau nyeri banget yaa perlu diberi obat untuk menurunkan kadar asam urat tersebut. Asam Urat sifatnya tidak menetap, seperti halnya Diabetes, Kolesterol ataupun Trigliserida.
* Haemoglobin atau Hb, sekarang ini orang di kota boleh dikatakan tak ada yang Hb-nya kurang, apalagi kalau badannya gemuk. Kalau anda lemas atau cepat capai bisa jadi anda memang kurang istirahat atau terkena virus, tetapi Hb anda siih normal. Jadi jangan buang-buang uang, kecuali anda sakit berat yang lama.

Tambahan 17 Juni 2015: Saya cek SGPT di Guardian dengan hanya membayar Rp 25.000. Tes ini untuk mengetahui jantung atau terutama liver/hati bermasalah atau tidak. Jika melebihi batas, maka perlu tes lagi 2 minggu kemudian dan kalau perlu berikut SGOT, karena terlalu lelahpun SGPT dan SGOT dapat naik. Tetapi jika SGPT sangat tinggi, katakanlah 2x batas normal, maka segeralah ke dokter. Sebenarnya yang menyelengarakan tes darah ini bukan Guardian, tetapi penjual suplemen Nutrimax (anak usaha Guardian) dengan menyewa tempat. Tes darah dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat Reflotron yang dapat sekaligus mendeteksi Trigliserida, Gula Darah, Kolesterol, Asam Urat, Kreatinin, SGOT, SGPT dan Hb. Dulu dapat juga mendeteksi HDL. Rata-rata biayanya Rp 25.000, kecuali Gula darah dan Hb Rp 20.000, sedangkan Kreatinin untuk mengetahui fungsi ginjal Rp 28.000. Untuk mengecek Gula Darah sebaiknya menggunakan alat portabel saja yang lebih murah. Alat Reflotron besarnya kurang lebih seperti kubus 20cm, tetapi memiliki printer untuk mengeprint hasilnya, sayangnya tidak bisa mengeprit nama pasien/konsumen. Untuk yang lainnya sebaiknya mengetes menggunakan alat Reflotron ini yang biayanya jauh lebih murah daripada di Laboratorium Klinik. Sayangnya program ini hanya ada sekitar seminggu dan pindah ke Guardian lainnya. Yang tersering dikunjungi adalah Kelapa Gading dan Metropolitan Mal Bekasi, kurang lebih sebulan sekali dan sebaiknya telepon dulu ke nomor (021) 625.9787 untuk memastikan keberadaannya dan saya sudah pernah telepon. Saya telah dua kali tes darah menggunakan alat ini dalam 2 kesempatan yang berbeda. Yang pertama tes Kreatinin dan saya compare dengan tes di Laboratorium Klinik, dan hasilnya tidak jauh berbeda.

Tambahan 25 Juli: Di Grand Galaxy Mal, Century terletak di lantai paling bawah dan di lantai atasnya ada Watson dan Guardian. Saya ke Watson terlebih dahulu, tetapi Watson kehabisan strip untuk mencek Trigliserida. Saya beli Colgate Sensitive Gum 120gr seharga Rp 27.500 dan kalau mau beli Colgate Sensitive 120gr dengan diskon seharga kurang dari Rp 20.000 harus membeli dengan total minimal Rp 30.000. Saya ke Guardian dan ternyata Reflotonnya belum sampai di Grand Galaxy Mal, yang menurut penjaganya biasanya awal bulan dari Selasa-Minggu, karena hari Senin marketingnya libur. Tetapi saya ke Guardian tidak sia-sia, karena yang di Watson seharga Rp 27.500, di Guardian hanya Rp 16.500, demikian juga Colgate Sensitive 120grnya juga hanya Rp 16.500. Bahkan balsem Vicks yang didiskon dan tinggal 3 buah, malah disuruh borong semua, jika saya mau. Saya tanya apakah tidak keberatan, jika saya membeli barang diskonan semua dan mereka tidak berkeberatan.

Tambahan 25 Juli: Saya baru cek Trigliserida menggunakan Reflotron seharga Rp 28.000, tetapi tidak puasa, sehingga bisa dianggap Trigliserida sewaktu. Hasilnya 132, atau lebih kecil dari 150, jadi masih aman. Dengan puasa, maka hasilnya biasanya hanya 50. Jadi untuk mengecek Trigliserida sebaiknya melakukan puasa terlebih dahulu. Ini berbeda dengan gula darah sewaktu dengan gula darah 2 jam pp (setelah makan), setelah puasa terlebih dahulu, yang biasanya hasilnya tidak jauh berbeda, terutama yang gula darah sewaktunya masih di bawah 200.

Matinya Kamera Kompak dan DSLR

The Dead of DSLR, marak dikumandangkan di akhir tahun 2013, sedangkan sebelumnya kita mendengar the Dead of Compact Camera di penghujung tahun 2012.

Di tahun 2013, penjualan DSLR turun hingga 15 persen, padahal sebelumnya selama 10 tahun berturut-turut mencatatkan pertumbuhan positif. Sedangkan penjualan Kamera Kompak di tahun 2013 hanya 40 persen penjualan tahun 2011. (Menyedihkan!!!)

Banyak orang mengatakan, bahwa pasar Kamera Kompak tergerus Smartphone yang kualitas gambarnya sudah baik, tetapi saya berpendapat lain, yakni:

Kemajuan Teknologi Mengubur Dirinya

Hal ini hampir sama dengan Intel Processor for PC, semakin cangih dan canggih, tetapi yang memakainya kebanyakan sekarang tinggal Gamers, sedangkan masyarakat umum dan juga Pebisnis tidak perlu canggih-canggih. Memang benar orang pindah ke Mobile, tetapi itu juga memakai prosesor yang tidak terlalu canggih untuk ukuran PC, walaupun smartphone canggih sekarang ini sudah ada yang quad core, bahkan octa core.

Sekarang ini hampir semua kamera telah dapat menghasilkan gambar yang bagus, apalagi kalau hanya mau dicetak ukuran postcard atau sharing di internet.

DxO Labs telah mengukur kualitas Kamera dan juga Lensa-lensanya yang telah disarikan pada:

http://allsarwa.blogspot.com/2014/08/nikon-beat-canon-dxo-labs.html

Atau jika anda ingin melihat aslinya:

www.dxomark.com/Cameras/Ratings
www.dxomark.com/Lenses/Ratings

Hal ini tentunya memudahkan seseorang untuk membeli Kamera dan Lensa-lensanya yang disesuaikan dengan Budjet.

Tumor Marker Murah Nyaman

Sulit dideteksi

Sesorang biasanya baru ke dokter atau screening tumor/kanker, kalau stadiumnya sudah lanjut, soalnya tidak semua tumor/kanker menimbulkan gejala yang jelas. Bahkan kista, kadang-kadang baru terdeteksi kalau di-rontgen, misalnya kista pada rahang yang dapat mengerogoti rahang dan berakibat goyah dan copotnya gigi, hanya dapat dideteksi dengan Foto Panoramic.

Sayangnya penggunaan X-Ray tidak boleh sering-sering atau memang tidak dapat dilakukan atau percuma, misalnya Kanker Usus Besar yang tidak berasa, karena usus besar tidak memiliki syaraf, di X-Ray pun tidak bisa. Demikian pula dengan Kanker Paru, dimana paru-paru juga tidak bersyaraf seperti halnya usus besar, kalaupun di X-Ray, maka mungkin tidak tampak, karena jenisnya adalah Kanker Paru Sel Kecil (Small Cell Lung Cancer-SCLC) yang kecil-kecil dan menyebar, jadi belum tampak kalau belum banyak.

Tumor Marker

Sebelumnya lebih baik dibahas dulu sensitivity dan specificity Tumor Marker dan juga False Negative dan False Positive

Sensitivity

Sensitivity atau kepekaan adalah pekanya Tumor Marker terhadap adanya kanker. Kepekaan 100 persen berarti, kalau ada kanker pasti terdeteksi, sayangnya sampai saat ini belum ada Tumor Marker yang kepekaannya 100 persen.

Specificity

Specificity atau kekhasan adalah kemampuan Tumor Marker untuk mendeteksi jenis kanker(-kanker) tertentu. Sayangnya satu jenis Tumor Marker kebanyakan mendeteksi beberapa jenis kanker sekaligus, misalnya Tumor Marker termurah, yaitu CEA dapat mendeteksi kanker usus besar, kanker paru, kanker mulut rahim dan sebagainya. Jadi kalau hasil test CEA positip, bisa saja kita menderita satu jenis kanker saja, tetapi bisa juga kita menderita beberapa jenis kanker.

CEA Specificitynya dan Sensitivitynya rendah, tetapi karena murah, maka selalu dipakai bersama dengan Tumor Marker yang lain, sehingga dengan Teknik Penyisihan (Elimination) atau Teknik Overlapping (Bertumpukan), maka akan memberikan hasil yang lebih akurat.

False Negative

False Negative atau Negatif Palsu. False Negative sangat berbahaya, karena hasil test negatif, tetapi sebenarnya positif. Saat ini hanya Penapis Tumor (Tumor Marker) M2-PK yang tak mempunyai false negatif (Hebat!).

False Positif

False Positive atau Positif Palsu. Hasil test positif, tetapi sebenarnya negatif. Positif Palsu tidak terlalu berbahaya, karena jika hasilnya positif, maka akan ditindaklanjuti dengan cara/test yang lebih akurat dan mahal, tetapi pasien pasti udah dek-dekan sebelumnya.

Sampai saat ini belum ada Tumor Marker yang benar-benar bebas dari False Negative dan False Positive.

Kanker Usus Besar

Saudara jauh saya kotorannya berdarah, setelah diperiksa ternyata Kanker Usus Besar Stadium III dan satu bulan kemudian meninggal, ternyata kankernya telah menyebar ke tempat lain. Padahal perjalanan Kanker Usus Besar itu 10-15 tahun. Adiknya takut, walau tak ada gejala apa-apa, lalu cancer screening menggunakan Kolonoskopi dan ternyata Kanker Usus Besar Stadium I dan usus besarnya dipotong 10cm.

Kolonoskopi itu mahal dan tidak menyenangkan, karena harus urus-urus dan perlu dibius setempat. Kolonoskopi saat ini banyak digunakan oleh dokter untuk screening, karena hasilnya akurat dan dapat sekaligus membuang polip dan mengambil specimen untuk biopsi dan menyerahkan specimen tersebut ke Laboratorium Klinik untuk mendeteksi apakah kankernya jinak atau ganas.

Darah Samar

Cara paling murah untuk screening kanker usus besar adalah Pemeriksaan Darah Samar di Laboratorium Klinik, tetapi sayangnya kalau polipnya tidak berdarah, maka tidak akan terdeteksi, sebaliknya jika ada darah ambein/wasir, maka ia juga tidak dapat membedakannya.

M2-PK Tumor Marker

Sekarang ini ada M2-PK Tumor Marker yang sensitivitynya dan specificitynya sangat tinggi, sehingga kalau sekedar screening dan belum ada gejala apa-apa kenapa harus langsung di-kolonoskopi. M2-PK Tumor marker dapat mendeteksi polip sebesar 1cm saja, walaupun hanya satu, terlebih lagi False Negative-nya sangat rendah, berarti hampir mendeteksi 100 persen.

Pada tahun 2014 ini M2-PK Tumor Marker (kuantitatif)  bisa dilakukan di Laboratorium Klinik RS Pusat Kanker Dharmais (Slipi, Jakarta, sebelah RS Jantung Harapan Kita, halte Busway Harapan Kita) sebesar Rp.380Ribu. Di RS lain juga kadang-kadang ada, tetapi lebih mahal, karena tetap saja Kotoran kita dirujuk/dibawa ke RS Dharmais. Sayangnya hasil testnya baru bisa didapatkan setelah 2 minggu, entah sengaja dilama-lamain atau tidak, karena saya hanya test ini melalui rujukan dokter luar. Buat saya tidak masalah kan belum ada gejalanya sama sekali. Padahal di Luar Negeri Test ini yang lebih sederhana (rapid test) dijual bebas, karena mirip Kit Test Kehamilan.

Screening M2-PK Tumor Marker sebaiknya dilakukan mulai usia 55 tahun, walaupun tanpa gejala apapun dan cukup ini saja, karena sensitivitynya tinggi.

Untuk mendapatkan bacaan lanjut dapat googling: Wikipedia Tumor M2-PK dan/atau Wikipedia M2-PK Test.

Kanker Paru

Lebih dari 90 persen Kanker Paru adalah jenis SCLC (Small Cell Lung Cancer) yang dapat dideteksi dengan Tumor Marker yang cukup spesifik, yakni NSE sebesar Rp.305Ribu di RS Dharmais.

Laboratorium Bio Kimia di Luar Negeri menganjurkan deteksi Kanker Paru dengan melakukan test CEA, CYFRA 21.1, NSE dan ProGRP sekaligus untuk mendeteksi SCLC dan NSCLC (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer), tetapi ProGRP tidak tersedia di RS Dharmais. CYFRA 21.1 cukup tinggi sensitivitas dan spesifisitasnya, tersedia di RS Dharmais sebesar Rp.360Ribu. Saya tidak tahu apakah tanpa rujukan dokter, boleh melakukan test-test ini di Laboratorium Klinik RS. Dharmais atau tidak, karena setahu saya kalau kita tanya Bagian Penerangan kita diarahkan untuk menemui Dokter Konsultasi dahulu, tentunya bayar dan nantinya hasilnya diberikan ke Dokter tersebut dan untuk mengetahui hasil tersebut yaa bayar dokter lagi, walaupun hasilnya dari Laboratorium Klinik jelas-jelas negatif. Di Laboratorium Klinik Luar dapat juga dilakukan test CEA, CYFRA 21.1 dan NSE, tetapi jauh lebih mahal, misalnya NSE sebesr Rp.525Ribu di Prodia dan kalau mau rujukan dokter yaa bisa minta rujukan dokternya Prodia yang gratis. Di Lab. Klinik Pramita biasanya lebih murah. Yaa pintar-pintarlah cari yang murah, tetapi cukup andal dan jangan sampai kecolongan.

Screening Kanker Paru, sebaiknya dilakukan mulai usia 55 tahun terutama perokok, atau yang sudah berhenti merokok, tetapi belum 15 tahun sejak berhenti merokok (perjalanan kanker itu sangat panjang bisa sampai 40 tahun, oleh karena itu bagi yang sudah berhenti merokokpun tetap dapat terkena kanker). Sedangkan penderita Kencing Manis/Diabetes sebaiknya mulai screening sejak usia 40 tahun, karena dengan adanya diabetes, maka Kekebalan Tubuh akan menurun.

Kanker Prostat

Sebenarnya kanker prostat berjalan sangat lambat, karena itu tes PSA sama sekali tidak perlu untuk deteksi awal. Yang justru perlu dilakukan adalah USG Prostat seharga Rp 435.000 di salah satu Laboratorium Klinik. Sedangkan USG Lower Abdomen seharga Rp 500.000 dan USG Full Abdomen seharga Rp 550.000. Jika dana tidak terlalu menjadi masalah, maka mungkin lebih baik USG Full Abdomen saja. Jika hasil USG Prostat menunjukkan Prostat lebih besar dari 4mm, tetapi terdapat catatan dokter bahwa pembesaran sesuai dengan usia, maka tidak perlu tindakan apapun. Jika hasil USG Prostat menunjukkan Prostat lebih besar dari 10mm, maka sebaiknya menemui Urolog (Dr. SpU) untuk tindakan lebih lanjut dan kemungkinan hanya diberi obat, bukannya dioperasi. Karena Tumor Jinakpun seringkali tidak perlu dioperasi, kecuali memang mengganggu berkemih.

Tambahan 7 Maret 2015:
Sebenarnya saya mau ke Dharmais mau tes CYFRA 21.1 untuk penapisan kanker paru-paru, tetapi berhubung di Wikipedia, disebutkan bahwa M2-PK bisa juga untuk penapisan kanker paru-paru, bahkan lebih baik daripada SCC dan NSE, dan juga bisa menapis kanker macam-macam, maka saya tes M2-PK saja. Harganya masih sama Rp 380,000 dengan tahun lalu, sedangkan CYFRA 21.1 hanya lebih murah sedikit daripada M2-PK. CYFRA 21.1 lebih spesifik untuk menapis kanker paru-paru dan M2-PK lebih spesifik untuk menapis kanker usus besar. Tetapi berhubung saya masih saya anggap normal, maka saya memilih M2-PK saja yang dapat menapis sampai 9 jenis kanker sekaligus. Apalagi M2-PK kan tidak punya Negatip Palsu, yang berarti kalau negatip yaa negatip.
Sekarang ini telah ada artikel berbahasa Indonesia di Wikipedia tentang hal ini:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penapis_tumor
Dan yang lainnya:
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penyakit_kardiovaskular
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khitan_pada_wanita

Tambahan 7 Oktober 2015:
USG Prostat paling murah mungkin hanya ada di RS ST Yusuf Bandung seharga Rp 186,000 dan sudah 3D lagi. RS St Yusuf Bandung sebenarnya hanya RS Golongan C, jadi tidak canggih-canggih amat, tetapi jika anda pasien umum dan bukan pasien BPJS atau Asuransi, maka you are always welcome dan di RS lainpun sebenarnya juga begitu. Tanpa rujukan, saya katakan bahwa ini rutin saya lakukan. Tetapi hasilnya tidak ditulis apakah pembesarannya sesuai dengan usia atau tidak seperti di Laboratorium Klinik, tetapi hanya disebut volumenya saja dan dianjurkan ke Dokter Spesialis Urologi dan tentunya ini agar TS (Teman Sejawat)nya dapat pasien. Dalam berat, maka sampai dengan 16 gram masih normal, ini setara dengan volume sampai dengan 32 centimeter kubik. Lebih besar dari angka tersebut, jika tidak mengganggu berkemih, maka mungkin sudah perlu diobati, tapi bisa juga tidak. Dan tentunya belum perlu dioperasi. Jika sudah mendekati angka tersebut sebaiknya USG Prostat dilakukan setahun sekali untuk mengetahui kecepatan pembesarannya.

Tambahan 12 Januari 2016:
Saat ini Laboratorium Klinik BioTest di Bandung sudah dapat melakukan tes M2PK dengan biaya Rp 500.000, tetapi dikatakan peminatnya masih sedikit, oleh karena itu pengambilan faeces terakhir adalah hari Sabtu pukul 08.00 dan hasilnya dapat diketahui hari Senin.

Catatan:
Jika anda menyukai artikel kesehatan, mungkin artikel saya ini juga dapat menambah pengetahuan anda http://allsarwa.blogspot.com/2010/03/obat-tetes-air-mata-buatan-dan-glaucoma.html yang merupakan artikel yang telah dibaca lebih dari 8000 orang. Atau penyakit sinusitis yang kadangkala sukar disembuhkan http://allsarwa.blogspot.com/2015/02/sinusitis-perlu-tes-alergi-murah.html